₁), fewer other-gender friends (H₂), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (H_{step three}). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (H₄). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H₅). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (H₆) and mixed-gender friendships (H_eight).

People

Users were employed regarding four local higher colleges (you to the-ladies, one to every-boys as well as 2 coeducational) situated in demographically diverse districts from inside the Hong kong. People provided Function step 1 to 6 (seven th so you’re able to twelve th grade) people apart from the fresh the-ladies college, where Setting 6 children was in fact excluded considering the school’s arrangement to have personal test preparation. Surveys had been given by the a class teacher when you look at the for every group. People accomplished tips with the depending variables and you can reported their monthly relatives money, parental knowledge and you may many years, numbers of sisters and you can brothers, and you can ethnicity. This study was carried out in accordance into information and you may approval of the School off Hong-kong Peoples Lookup Ethics Panel (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and you may couch potato agree regarding moms and dads or guardians was in fact acquired eros escort Gainesville just before analysis range. All subjects provided written told concur in accordance with the Report of Helsinki.

A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, M_age = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table step one .

Table 1

c 1 = zero education/pre-number 1, dos = top, step three = junior additional, 4 = senior second, 5 = post-second, six = postgraduate.

Intercourse salience scale

Gender salience are mentioned because of the McGuire ainsi que al.’s approach . Which level is proven is of or impacted of the gender composition [twenty-seven,53]. Players were questioned provide about three small solutions to every off these inquiries: “Let me know what you’re” and “Tell me what you’re not”. These were coached to write down whatever they you will definitely remember immediately. Brand new solutions was indeed then coded because the “gender-related” or “non-gender-related”. Dining table dos shows samples of which programming design. Responses have been first coded individually from the several coders. Inter-rater reliability was higher for all answers (all of the ? > .93). Conflicts have been upcoming solved by discussions among them coders. The level of intercourse-associated answers over the a couple concerns are summed to point sex salience.